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Volume 5, No. 1Revista de Investigación: Ciencia, Tecnología y Desarrollo

DOI:https://doi.org/10.17162/rictd.v5i1

Published October 16, 2019

Articulo Originales

  1. JAVIER OSCAR ZAVALETA FLORES, ROBERTO PEZO DÍAZ

    MEDIAN LETHAL CONCENTRATION (LC50) OF MERCURY CHLORIDE (HgCl2) TO “GAMITANA” FINGERLINGS Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1818) IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS

    In this study, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of mercury exposure at 96 hours in [Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818)] was estimated through static acute toxicity test by using mercury chloride (HgCl2) as a letal source. The experiment was carried out in a residence located in the district from San Juan Bautista, Province Maynas, Region Loreto (Peru), under controlled conditions (28.85 ± 0,15 °C) and a 12:12 (light: darkness) photoperiod. The gamitana fingerlings (4 ± 1 g) were housed in glass aquaria with constant aeration without filter and feeding was supressed 24 hours before beginning the experiment. Three concentrations of mercury (Hg) were used with replicas incluiding controls. The concentrations were: 0.01, 0.1 y 1 mg Hg/L. Histopathological analyses were conducted on 3 fish per treatment group on samples of gills tissues. Fish exposed to the lowest concentrations (0.01, 0.1 mg Hg/L) of HgCl2 showed hyperactivity, whereas fish exposed to high concentration (1 mg Hg/L) showed decreased activity. Histopathological analysis showed gills lesions, like a lamellar hiperplasia and lipid vacuolization, respectively, in response to detoxification processes. The value of LC50-96 h was estimated by using the TSK software (Trimmed-Spearman-Karber) and produced a value of 0.23 mg HgCl2/L ± 0.15.

     

  2. DANIEL LOVERA, LIA CONCEPCIÓN, MIRIAM MEJIA, NELLY AUCASSI, VLADIMIR ARIAS, EDWIN MANRIQUE, ANSELMO SÁNCHEZ, BLANCA PERALTA

    CHEMISTRY AS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE OF ECOSYSTEMS AND POPULATIONS IN PERU

    Informal gold mining nationally and internationally has an important annual production that often exceeds formal production, the gold recovery technology used is the classic Mercury Amalgamation:

    MAu + Hg → Au-Hg + M

    Au – Hg → Au + Hg ↑

    Given the MINAMATA Convention that specifies the dangers of Mercury for ecosystems and the health of populations, it is good to opt for technologies other than conventional Amalgamation - Cyanuration widely used in informal and formal mining to process your minerals and tailings. Elsner in 1846 correctly identified the chemical reaction that forms the basis of all cyanide leaching processes in gold: 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 Na [Au (CN) 2] + 4 NaOH. In the context of clean technologies, it is necessary to resort to alternative metallurgical processes for gold recovery such as gravimetric concentration and leaching by agitation using Tiourea, Sandioss and Goldmax among other reagents. We show the reactions of the Gold recovery process by Tiourea:

    2 (CS (NH2)2)2+ ↔ NH2 (NH) CSSC (NH) NH2 + 2 H+ + 2 e-

    2 Au+ + NH2 (NH) CSSC (NH) NH2   + 2 H+ + e- ↔ 2 Au (CS (NH2)2)2+

    2 Au (CS (NH2)2)2+    + e-    ↔ 2 Au0 + 2 (CS (NH2)2)2+

    We show results of modeling and simulation of experimental data in obtaining Gold and Silver, considering the need to use processes that do not affect the environment and life, where to process minerals with high content of arsenic, antimony and copper that are cyanicides, as well as their subsequent remediation, they are uneconomic. Laboratory tests were performed to obtain working parameters in order to achieve optimal recovery percentages and moderate reagent consumption. The tests were performed by stirring using activated carbon, the results are shown in the graphs at the end of the work.

  3. ESTEFANI ULFE-GÁMEZ

    BIRD BIODIVERSITY IN THE COASTAL ARTIFICIAL LAGOON "LA MANSION", LIMA (PERÚ)

    Because the study of bird communities provides a fast, reliable and replicable means of assessing the conservation status of most terrestrial and aquatic habitats, the present study aimed to know diversity, specific richness, composition and Identify the species currently present in the Laguna de la Mansion in order to generate useful information for future planning and conservation of these. This place of study is a small artificial ecosystem located in Lima, Peru. The method used was the transect by strip and direct observation, adapting the method according to the terrain, size and type of ecosystem, in this way five transects were established where the observations were made during three shifts the months of April and May 2019 Birds of six families were registered (Ardeidae, Columids, Phalacrocoracidae, Tyrannidae, Rallidae and Anatidae), eleven species were identified and 283 individuals were counted; being the specific wealth of the most predominant species, the Nycticorax nycticorax, 37.10% while the species with less presence were: Gallinula chloropus and Anas platyrhynchos being their percentages of 0.71% each. A total of 53 nests were also recorded, of which 14 are believed to be active and most belong to the Nycticorax nycticorax species. The Shannon and Simpson formulas were applied for the diversity of species in this ecosystem, obtaining that the value of the diversity of this ecosystem is 3 (Shannon) and there is a high probability (74%), according to Simpson's formula, that the First two randomly chosen species are the same. From the study carried out, it was concluded that the biodiversity of the La Mansion lagoon is of considerable abundance, in addition, it serves as a refuge for birds within the context where natural lagoons are modified, altered and destroyed, which is why the importance of preserve it and take care of it.

  4. AMADEO ENRIQUEZ DONAIRES, LUZ MARINA ACHARTE LUME, LUIS QUISPEALAYA ARMAS, DANIEL LOVERA, JENY MARIBEL ASTO GONZALES, KENWI ALBERTO DIEGO LÁZARO, VÍCTOR HUAMANI RIVERA

    COMPARISON OF PHYTOREMEDIATION WITH NATIVE SPECIES IN THE DRAINED WATERS IN THE TANGANA MOUTH IN THE DISTRICT OF HUACHOCOLPA – HUANCAVELICA

    In the District of Huachocolpa of the Angaraes Province of the Department of Huancavelica, there are polymetallic mining sites such as the Tangana Mine, despite the high contamination of cadmium and lead by the drained waters of the mentioned mines. The present investigation had the objective of determining the concentration of lead and cadmium by bioaccumulation in roots, stems and leaves of the native species Putacca (Family Apiaceae) and Totora (Scirpus californicus). The biological samples, plants, and water, were taken from the Tangana bocamina and kept in containers and kept in a constant water recirculation system during the time the study was carried out, in addition pumps were placed to oxygenate the plants. Digestion processes, preparation of standards and calibration curves were performed, finally Flame Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer method was used. Putacca and Totora bioaccumulate metals in their roots and leaves. The water of the container with Putacca, in the Initial Time had a concentration of Cadmium of 0.2661 mgCd / L and in the final time 0.0020 mgCd / L and the water of the container with totora in initial time was 0.2661 mgCd / L and in final time 0.0007 mgCd / L, obtaining as a result of this analysis that the Putacca has better absorbency than the Totora, in the case of the lead the Putacca, in the initial time it had a Lead concentration of 25.7220 mgPb / L and in the final time 0.0948 mgPb / L, and in the totora in the initial time 25.7220 mgPb / L and in the final time 0.0037 mgPb / L concluding that in both metals the Putacca has greater absorbance in its roots and stems than the Totora.

Comunicación corta

  1. MANUEL GODOFREDO ARIAS ESPICHÁN

    TOURISM AS A DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR THE DISTRICT OF SANTA CRUZ DE FLORES, CAÑETE – LIMA

    The present study tries to solve the problem of the District of Santa Cruz de Flores, located in the province of Cañete, department of Lima. It states that tourism is an alternative for economic development, since the district does not meet all the infrastructure conditions to efficiently serve tourists. Information will be collected on the subject to be developed, selected and debug information of works developed in the district, preparation of survey sheets. Surveys were conducted, interviews with owners of restaurants, lodgings and hotels, as well as transport companies from Lima to Mala and local transport companies. Population surveys. The information was processed in tables and tables, to interpret, analyze, discuss the results, and as part of the study, plans were drawn up. The conclusion of the research work determined that the current carrying capacity does not satisfy the tourist, because there is a deficit for tourist accommodation in 386 beds in the district for a total of 800 tourists going to the district. Missing sewerage network in Azpitia, plans for adventure cycling routes and hiking to take advantage of natural resources.

  2. MARTIN HUAMÁN CARRANZA, KIKO FELIX DEPAZ CELI, NINO ARAUJO JAMANCA, JUDITH FLORES ALBORNOZ

    TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER PURIFICATION IN RURAL AREAS SUCH AS ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE CALLEJON OF HUAYLAS, ANCASH - PERU

    In order to know how climate change will be altering the sources of water used in the supply systems in rural areas, select the waterholes that are located in five locations of Huaraz to verify the change of physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics. The results evidenced the increase or modification of the concentration of the main chemical components of the water, altering its quality, such was the case of hardness, chlorides, sulfates and residual chlorine; as well as a variation of the turbidity characteristics, suspended solids and total coliforms. The problem was a reason to propose technology with system for the improvement of chemical, chemical and biological parameters of water from the use of zeolite and activated carbon (Anthracite) or silica sand. The system was installed before the water entered the storage tank, and as a final treatment unit it was disinfected with an automatic erosion chlorinator. This technology seeks to guarantee water quality in rural areas.